Teams of cultural relic conservators from the academy carefully examine the caves, diagnosing ailments like weathering, erosion and pigment degradation, and apply tailored remedies, from stone reinforcement to mural restoration.

Of the site's 45 major caves and 59,000 statues, about 80 percent have been digitally archived to millimeter precision, creating backups that allow for ultra-accurate repairs if damage occurs, according to the institute.

Advanced technology has unlocked new possibilities for the grottoes' legacy. High-resolution scans and artificial intelligence-powered reconstructions empower virtual tours, while 3D printed replicas allow fragile artworks to "travel" globally.